Kelvin Estevez 06/08/2015 Essays - Crowd Psychology, Psychology

Kelvin Estevez 06/08/2015 Assignment Kitty Genovese case The objective of this paper is to explore the fundamental circumstances to sustain the validity of prosaically behavior using experimental methods. The focus is on psychological issue of prosaically behavior, and evaluated these concepts using a descriptive method design. In doing so this paper describes the sample populations, the experimental methods, and provide a speculation on the expectation of the outcomes of prosaically behavior in these scenarios. In addition, this paper further discusses the established sequence of necessary conditions to support the validity of prosaically behavior in reference to bystander effect. In conclusion, relating the conditions of the survey for reliability and to evaluate whether or not the methods discussed measures and are confirmed through the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and support an inter-source agreement. The bystander effect is a psychological episode in social psychology that connects with incidents when individuals refuse to assist in an emergency situation when others are nearby. In the past, the probability of help as been believed to be involving oppositely affected variables comparable to the number of bystanders, for instance, the more bystanders, the least likely anyone will help. John M. Darley was the first social psychologist to make obvious the bystander effect. In this experience, an emergency situation is thespian, and the participants are alone or in a group. The experiment will assess the duration of time for the participants to act or to avoid interfering in the situation. The most popular illustration in introductory psychology textbooks of the bystander effect is the vicious slaying of a female named Catherine "Kitty" Genovese. There exist two factors why groups in bystanders' effect refuse to take action in a crisis; the first factor is social influence where the majority of bystanders conclude from the failure of others to help, and that help is not required. The second factor is dispersion of accountability, which occurs when everyone assumes that others will intercede, so individuals experience less responsibility to help, and therefore refrain from doing anything. Here is an excellent example of bystander effect; a young child was abducted in a public place by a stranger not related to the child, and many bystanders witness the abduction. The child screamed that "this man is not my Dad," yet people walked passed without intervening because the bystanders assumed that someone else would intervene. An individual who witnesses a critical situation, especially a terrifying and treacherous incident such as a murder, is in conflict. There are conspicuous empathetic norms with reference to assisting the fatal outcome, but there are also irrational and rational reservations about what may occur to individuals who decide to intervene. Individuals' refusal to intervene is familiar, and behind the familiarity, is fear of public embarrassment, physical harm, and involvement with law enforcement that hinders individuals from involvement. The sample population in the Kitty Genovese incident was the 38 witnesses. Not all of the 38 witnesses actually witnessed the incident and some of them only heard but did not see the attack. A 15-year old boy was among one of the witnesses. He stated that his father called the police department after the first attack occurred. During the trial of the Kitty Genovese incident, five out of the 38 witnesses were summoned to the trial. Only three of the witnesses witnessed the victim and her supposed attacker walk out of the building together. It was speculated that there were other witnesses who did not want to appear in court to testify. Charles Skoller who was the assistant district attorney during the time of the incident. The reliability of the sample population of the Kitty Genovese case is 38 witnesses. However, the prosecution called only five witnesses deemed credible. Of the five witnesses only three identified Kitty Genovese and Winston Moseley together. The remaining witness statements use the generic terms of girl, her, man, and fellow. The generic terms call into question eyewitness identification. Further, only one witness reported witnessing any contact. The contact reported by the witness was of beating. No one witnessed the stabbing. However, in 1964, the national calling system of 911 was not in existence. Without a tracking system it is impossible to tell who called to report the incident